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Review Article 


Reliability, Validity, Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals in Hypnosis Research

Marty Sapp, Michele Gloede, Teresa De Pratt, Melisa Madsen, William Van Susteren.


Abstract
Hypnosis researchers need to provide effect size measures, and that they need to calculate reliability indices for their data. In addition, hypnosis researchers need to think meta-analytically, and not to apply mindlessly statistics and measurement (Fidler, Cumming, Thomason, Pannuzzo, Smith, Fyffe, et al 2005). Moreover, confidence intervals are needed within hypnosis research. Finally, this article described applications of reliability, validity, effect sizes, and confidence intervals to hypnosis research.

Key words: reliability, validity, effect sizes, confidence intervals, hypnosis research


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Sapp M, Gloede M, Pratt TD, Madsen M, Susteren WV. Reliability, Validity, Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals in Hypnosis Research. Sleep Hypn. 2019; 21(4): 339-350.

Web Style

Sapp M, Gloede M, Pratt TD, Madsen M, Susteren WV. Reliability, Validity, Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals in Hypnosis Research. https://www.sleepandhypnosis.com/?mno=18910 [Access: June 23, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Sapp M, Gloede M, Pratt TD, Madsen M, Susteren WV. Reliability, Validity, Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals in Hypnosis Research. Sleep Hypn. 2019; 21(4): 339-350.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Sapp M, Gloede M, Pratt TD, Madsen M, Susteren WV. Reliability, Validity, Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals in Hypnosis Research. Sleep Hypn. (2019), [cited June 23, 2026]; 21(4): 339-350.


Harvard Style

Sapp, M., Gloede, . M., Pratt, . T. D., Madsen, . M. & Susteren, . W. V. (2019) Reliability, Validity, Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals in Hypnosis Research. Sleep Hypn, 21 (4), 339-350.


Turabian Style

Sapp, Marty, Michele Gloede, Teresa De Pratt, Melisa Madsen, and William Van Susteren. 2019. Reliability, Validity, Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals in Hypnosis Research. Sleep and Hypnosis, 21 (4), 339-350.


Chicago Style

Sapp, Marty, Michele Gloede, Teresa De Pratt, Melisa Madsen, and William Van Susteren. "Reliability, Validity, Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals in Hypnosis Research." Sleep and Hypnosis 21 (2019), 339-350.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Sapp, Marty, Michele Gloede, Teresa De Pratt, Melisa Madsen, and William Van Susteren. "Reliability, Validity, Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals in Hypnosis Research." Sleep and Hypnosis 21.4 (2019), 339-350. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Sapp, M., Gloede, . M., Pratt, . T. D., Madsen, . M. & Susteren, . W. V. (2019) Reliability, Validity, Effect Sizes and Confidence Intervals in Hypnosis Research. Sleep and Hypnosis, 21 (4), 339-350.


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