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Review Article 


Anatomy and pathophysiology of chronic pain and the impact of hypnotherapy

Malminder Gill.


Abstract
Chronic pain is thought to develop from intense repetitive nociceptive (acute) pain. This condition has various forms and can persist for longer than 3 months, such that finding efficacious treatment is challenging in the clinical setting. The essence of this review is to present a selection of studies highlighting anatomical changes in brain activity in acute and chronic pain. An overview of the interaction between pain and psychological conditions will also be examined followed by the physiological effect of hypnosis. The review concludes with recommendations for further work in developing robust pain management in clinical hypnotherapy practice.

Key words: Chronic pain; pain pathway; hypnotherapy; hypnotic suggestions; pain modulation; pathophysiology


 
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Pubmed Style

Malminder Gill. Anatomy and pathophysiology of chronic pain and the impact of hypnotherapy. Sleep Hypn. 2018; 20(2): 85-90.

Web Style

Malminder Gill. Anatomy and pathophysiology of chronic pain and the impact of hypnotherapy. https://www.sleepandhypnosis.com/?mno=268337 [Access: June 23, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Malminder Gill. Anatomy and pathophysiology of chronic pain and the impact of hypnotherapy. Sleep Hypn. 2018; 20(2): 85-90.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Malminder Gill. Anatomy and pathophysiology of chronic pain and the impact of hypnotherapy. Sleep Hypn. (2018), [cited June 23, 2026]; 20(2): 85-90.


Harvard Style

Malminder Gill (2018) Anatomy and pathophysiology of chronic pain and the impact of hypnotherapy. Sleep Hypn, 20 (2), 85-90.


Turabian Style

Malminder Gill. 2018. Anatomy and pathophysiology of chronic pain and the impact of hypnotherapy. Sleep and Hypnosis, 20 (2), 85-90.


Chicago Style

Malminder Gill. "Anatomy and pathophysiology of chronic pain and the impact of hypnotherapy." Sleep and Hypnosis 20 (2018), 85-90.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Malminder Gill. "Anatomy and pathophysiology of chronic pain and the impact of hypnotherapy." Sleep and Hypnosis 20.2 (2018), 85-90. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Malminder Gill (2018) Anatomy and pathophysiology of chronic pain and the impact of hypnotherapy. Sleep and Hypnosis, 20 (2), 85-90.


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