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Original Research 


The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Sleep Quality among High Risk Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Masoumeh Nasiri, Fatemeh Ranjkesh, Maryam Mafi, Mojtaba Senmar, Seyedeh Zahra Hosseinigolafshani.


Abstract
During pregnancy, women experience changes in sleep patterns and poor sleep quality is a common complaint as pregnancy progresses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foot reflexology on sleep quality in high risk pregnant women. In this randomized controlled trial, 72 women with high risk pregnancy were recruited and were assigned to reflexology and control group (n=36 in each group). The intervention group received 30 Minute foot reflexology twice a week, for four weeks. The control group received routine prenatal care. Before and after the intervention, the Sleep Condition Indicator Scale was used to assess sleep quality. After implementation of intervention independent t-test showed significant differences between the intervention and the control group in quality of sleep. The results of paired t-test revealed Significant improvement of sleep quality in the intervention group (p<0.05). In the control group, sleep quality significantly decreased (p <0.05).The results of present study may suggest that foot reflexology as a noninvasive and non-pharmacological nursing intervention can improve sleep quality in high risk pregnant women.

Key words: Foot reflexology, complementary medicine, quality of sleep, high risk pregnancy


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Nasiri M, Ranjkesh F, Mafi M, Senmar M, Hosseinigolafshani SZ. The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Sleep Quality among High Risk Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sleep Hypn. 2019; 21(4): 293-301.

Web Style

Nasiri M, Ranjkesh F, Mafi M, Senmar M, Hosseinigolafshani SZ. The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Sleep Quality among High Risk Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. https://www.sleepandhypnosis.com/?mno=4741 [Access: June 23, 2026].

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Nasiri M, Ranjkesh F, Mafi M, Senmar M, Hosseinigolafshani SZ. The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Sleep Quality among High Risk Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sleep Hypn. 2019; 21(4): 293-301.


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Nasiri M, Ranjkesh F, Mafi M, Senmar M, Hosseinigolafshani SZ. The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Sleep Quality among High Risk Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sleep Hypn. (2019), [cited June 23, 2026]; 21(4): 293-301.


Harvard Style

Nasiri, M., Ranjkesh, . F., Mafi, . M., Senmar, . M. & Hosseinigolafshani, . S. Z. (2019) The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Sleep Quality among High Risk Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sleep Hypn, 21 (4), 293-301.


Turabian Style

Nasiri, Masoumeh, Fatemeh Ranjkesh, Maryam Mafi, Mojtaba Senmar, and Seyedeh Zahra Hosseinigolafshani. 2019. The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Sleep Quality among High Risk Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sleep and Hypnosis, 21 (4), 293-301.


Chicago Style

Nasiri, Masoumeh, Fatemeh Ranjkesh, Maryam Mafi, Mojtaba Senmar, and Seyedeh Zahra Hosseinigolafshani. "The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Sleep Quality among High Risk Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Sleep and Hypnosis 21 (2019), 293-301.


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Nasiri, Masoumeh, Fatemeh Ranjkesh, Maryam Mafi, Mojtaba Senmar, and Seyedeh Zahra Hosseinigolafshani. "The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Sleep Quality among High Risk Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Sleep and Hypnosis 21.4 (2019), 293-301. Print.


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Nasiri, M., Ranjkesh, . F., Mafi, . M., Senmar, . M. & Hosseinigolafshani, . S. Z. (2019) The Effect of Foot Reflexology on Sleep Quality among High Risk Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Sleep and Hypnosis, 21 (4), 293-301.


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